Everything about Mataram Kingdom totally explained
Mataram was an
Indianized kingdom based in
Central Java between the 8th and 10th centuries AD and was established by king
Sanjaya, he was also known as the founder of
Sanjaya dynasty. The Sanjaya dynasty reign the kingdom, but then in later period the kingdom was ruled by
Isyana Dynasty. Although initially eclipsed in power by the rival
Sailendra Dynasty, by 850 it had become the dominant power in Java and was a serious rival to the
hegemonic Srivijaya Empire.
Origin and formation
The early account of Mataram kingdom is mentioned in
Canggal inscription, dated 732, discovered in Canggal village, Southwest from the town of
Magelang. This inscription was written in
pallava letter and in
sanskirt, and tell about the erection of a
lingga (symbol of
Shiva) on the hill in the Kunjarakunja area. This area is located at a noble island called Yawadwipa (
Java) which blessed with abundance of rice and gold. This inscription tells that Yawadwipa was reigned by king
Sanna, which his long period of reign was marked with wisdom and virtue. After king Sanna died the kingdom fell into disunity. Confused because lost of ruler and patron, Sanjaya ascend to throne, he was the son of
Sannaha (sister of Sanna). He was king that mastered holy scriptures,
martial art, and also military prowess. He conquered neighboring area around his kingdom, his wise reign blessed his land with peace and prosperity for all his subjects .
King
Sanna and
Sanjaya also known in
Carita Parahyangan, a book from later period which mainly tell the history of Pasundan (
Sunda Kingdom). This book mentioned that Sanna was defeated by
Purbasora, king of
Galuh, then he retreated to
mount Merapi. Later Sanna's successor
Sanjaya reclaim Sanna's kingdom and ruled
West Java,
East Java, and
Bali. He also involved in battle with
Malayu and
Keling (against their king Sang Srivijaya). In main theme of
Carita Parahyangan is corresponds to Canggal inscription.
From the time of its founding until 928, the kingdom was ruled by the
Sanjaya Dynasty.
The first king of Mataram was
Sanjaya, who left inscriptions in stone. Although little is known about the kingdom at this time due to the dominance of the Sailendra. The kingdom leaves several temples and monuments. The monumental
Hindu temple of
Prambanan in the vicinity of
Yogyakarta built during Hindu Mataram era, is the fine example of ancient Mataram art and architecture. The grand temple complex was dedicated to Trimurti (Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu), the three highest god in Hindu
pantheon. It was the largest Hindu temple ever built in
Indonesia, the evidence of immense wealth and cultural achievement of the kingdom.
Moving eastward
At certain point of the time, the centre of the kingdom was shifted from Central Java to East Java by
Mpu Sindok, who established the
Isyana Dynasty. The exact cause of move of location still uncertain. However probably have been caused by an eruption of the volcano
Gunung Merapi or a power struggle. The later king
Dharmawangsa ordered the translation of the
Mahabharata into
Old Javanese in 996.
Collapse
The kingdom collapsed at the end of Dharmawangsa's reign under military pressure from
Srivijaya.
Airlangga, a son of
Udayana of
Bali and a relative of Dharmawangsa re-established the kingdom (including Bali) under the name of
Kahuripan. In 1045 Airlangga abdicated his throne to resume the life of an
ascetic, and divided the kingdom between his two sons,
Jangala and
Kediri and from this point on the kingdom is known as Kediri.
List of rulers
Further Information
Get more info on 'Mataram Kingdom'.
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